It is said that the cost of launching a space vehicle will be saved about $20,000 for every 1kg of weight lost, so the reduction of the weight of the structure is a matter of great difficulty in the space industry. A 15 per cent reduction in the weight of a fighter aircraft can shorten the skis of the aircraft by 15 per cent, increase the range by 20 per cent and increase the payload by 30 per cent. Therefore, the world attaches great importance to the research and development of lightweight structural materials for aerospace.
Aviation aluminum alloy is widely used in aerospace field by virtue of its unique advantages such as small density, moderate strength, easy machining, strong corrosion resistance, rich resources and strong recyclability. The skin, beams, ribs, stringers, septa, and landing gear of the aircraft can all be made of aluminum, and the crew compartment, forward fuselage, middle fuselage, aft fuselage, vertical tail, flaps, elevons, and horizontal tail of the Space shuttle are all made of aluminum. Aircraft use different amounts of aluminum depending on their purpose. Civil aircraft focusing on economic efficiency adopt aluminum alloy because of its low price. For example, the aluminum alloy used in Boeing 767 passenger plane accounts for 81% of the body structure weight. Some aviation aluminum alloys have good low temperature performance, can work in liquid hydrogen and oxygen environment, so it is a good material for the manufacture of liquid rockets. The fuel tank, oxidizer tank, intertank, interstage, tail section and instrument compartment of the Saturn 5 launch vehicle used to launch the Apollo spacecraft are all made of aerospace aluminum alloy.
At present, the aluminum alloy materials used in aviation and civil aircraft mainly include: aluminum alloy castings, aluminum alloy forgings, large section aluminum alloy extruded profiles, aluminum alloy thick plates and aluminum lithium alloys.
2024 Aviation aluminum alloy for aircraft structural parts. 2048 Aviation aluminum alloy is mainly used to manufacture aerospace spacecraft structural parts and weapon structural parts. The 2218 is mainly used for aircraft engine and diesel engine pistons, aircraft engine cylinder heads, jet engine impellers and compressor rings. 2219 for space rocket welding oxidant tank, supersonic aircraft skin and structural parts.
The 7049 is used in aircraft and missile parts, such as landing gear hydraulic cylinders and extruders. 7050 aviation aluminum alloy used in aircraft structural parts of the plate, extrusion, free forging and die forging. 7178 aviation aluminum alloy is used to manufacture parts with high compressive yield strength required for aerospace spacecraft. 7475 used for fuselage plate, wing frame, stringers, etc. 7A04 is USED for aircraft skin, screws, and force components such as girder stringer, septum frame, wing ribs, landing gear.
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